When Filing for Bankruptcy in Canada :: essays research papers

This received a 27/28 in my OAC impartiality class so, have a blast.....WHEN FILING FOR BANKRUPTCY IN CANADAThe law some cartridge clips seems to pervade all aspects of ourlives and an involvement with bankruptcy and insolvencylaw has proved to be al just about unavoidable for businesspeople in Canada during the 1990s. In simplest term, corporate and mortal bankruptcy law provides a raise of rules to prevent chaos among the creditors of an insolvent corporation or individual. The legislation is a complex in part because those creditors fall into so many categories-secured creditors, unbarred creditors, government creditors, and so on-each with its own special rights and interests in the bankruptcy process.     Canadas federal bankruptcy statute, the Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act, also deals with corporate receivership. A receivership is non the said(prenominal) as a bankruptcy. By the same token, a receiver is not the same as a trustee in a bankruptcy. Ho wever, the devil systems have a lot in common and a receivership of an individual or a corporation usually occurs at the same time as a bankruptcy.Corporations that have become insolvent can canvas to avoid bankruptcy and receivership by reorganizing their finances. The Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act deals with reorganizations and another federal statute, the Companies Creditors Arrangement Act, may offer relief to some corporations. Some of Canadas biggest intelligence stories of the past few years have concerned the attempts of major Canadiancompanies such as Olympia & York, Algoma Steel, Grafton Fraser, Woodwards, Westar Mining, and Birks, to complete reorganizations. But the most well known companies were both Air Canada and Canadian Airlines.     Air Canada, Canadian Airlines, and United Airlines are all commercial passenger air carriers. beyond that, they have only a few similarities. All are honest-to-goodness commercial carriers that were facing ban kruptcy together until the Canadian Postal attend approved air travel for Canadian Mail in 1925. There, they reached a point of divergence that continues today.AIR CANADATime Magazines November 17, 1958 cover sported a sloped banner across one corner reading "Jets Across Canada." (Goutierez, 1997). At the time of the articles publication, "Air Canada had earned a reputation as an perseverance leader, and this, coupled with the high-profile leadership of Mr. C.R., made Air Canadas imminent transcontinental resinous service the catalyst for an exciting new era. Time wrote that although Pan Am had already flown jets across the Atlantic, C.R. Smith and Air Canada would usher in the Jet Age for most Canadians with the introduction of

The Problems of Gangsta Rap Essay -- Music Culture Cultural Gangsta Ra

The Problems of Gangsta RapThe cultural majority in the States is up in arms over the rising levels ofviolence and repulsive images that have seeped into popular entertainment.Movies, television, and music have always been controversial, but thus far they cancross the line between poor taste and immorality. merriment corporationsand record labels dont even blink, when told of the excessive torture orsatanic lyrics set up in material. Producers and directors continue to push theenvelop on what is done in good taste.Gangsta rap is one of the current problems of society. Popular musicfor teens has always been controversial, or at least in conflict with middle single out attitudes. Teen music has always been under scrutiny by those who arolder. Parents, whether from the 60s or 90s, never welcome the sounds of theyounger generation. Unfortunately this fact does non comfort someone whenlistening to Snoop Doggy Dog or Ice Cube talk of sex, violence, beatings, andsuicide.Hollywood, th e countrys Mecca for TV and movies, is anothercontaminated casualty area. This area has given us heros such as ClintEastwood, Humphrey Bogart, and Bruce Willis. Once filmmakers would advise sexualinterests through eye contact or a equalise of the leg. Today cinematographersresort to graphic sexual acts and horrific beatings. A diadem by Newsweek statedthat sexual moderation and fidelity are commonplace for both married people and forthose who live together. In ...

Fish Cheeks

I fell in love with the ministers son the winter I moody fourteen. He was not Chinese, but as white as bloody shame in the manger. For Christmas I prayed for this blond-haired boy, Robert, and a slim new American nose. When I found out that my parents had invited the ministers family over for Christmas Eve dinner, I cried. What would Robert think of our flashy Chinese Christmas? What would he think of our noisy Chinese relatives who lacked proper American manners? What terrible disappoint-ment would he feel upon seeing not a roasted turkey and sweet potatoes but Chinese food?On Christmas Eve I saw that my beat had outdone herself in creating a singular menu. She was pulling black veins out of the backs of fleshy p fondns. The kitchen was littered with appalling mounds of raw food A slimy rock cod with bulging eye that pleaded not to be thrown into a pan of hot oil. Tofu, which looked deal stacked wedges of rubbery white sponges. A bowl soaking dried-out fungus back to life. A pl ate of squid, their backs crisscrossed with knife markings so they resembled rack tires. And then they arrived the ministers family and all my relatives in a clamor of doorbells and rumpled Christmas packages.Robert grunted hello, and I pretended he was not worthy of existence. Dinner threw me deeper into despair. My relatives licked the ends of their chopsticks and reached crossways the table, dipping them into the dozen or so plates of food. Robert and his family waited patiently for platters to be passed to them. My relatives murmured with pleasure when my experience brought out the whole steamed fish. Robert grimaced. Then my initiate poked his chopsticks just infra the fish eye and plucked out the soft meat. Amy, your favorite, he said, whirl me the tender fish cheek.I wanted to disappear. At the end of the meal my father leaned back and belched loudly, thanking my mother for her fine cooking. Its a polite Chinese utilization to show you are satisfied, explained my fath er to our astonished guests. Robert was looking down at his plate with a reddened face. The minister managed to muster up a quiet burp. I was stunned into silence for the rest of the night. After everyone had gone, my mother said to me, You want to be the same as American girls on the outside. She handed me an early gift.It was a miniskirt in beige tweed. however inside you must always be Chinese. You must be high-minded you are different. Your only shame is to have shame. And even though I didnt agree with her then, I knew that she understood how much I had suffered during the evenings dinner. It wasnt until many yr later long after I had gotten over my crush on Robert that I was able to fully appreciate her lesson and the true purpose butt our particular menu. For Christmas Eve that year, she had chosen all my favorite foods.

Porter

Michael five forces model contest among competing Firms this is usually the intimately proponentful of the five competitive forces. The strategies pursued by one menage can be successful completely to the goal that they provide competitive advantage over the strategies of other firms (Grobler 2009) ? Due to chinas incredibly high FDI rate, more and more companies atomic number 18 commit into Chinese businesses and streng becauseing them in both their domestic markets and also on the global front.With the ever increasing growth of their domestic markets it will only be a short while before they father the governing market leader, if in this span of 30 years they could rise from vigor to 4th longst in the world then it shows what impact they really had and unperturbed overhear on the global economy. Potential entry of sunrise(prenominal) competitors whenever new firms can easily enter a secernateicular attention, the intensity of fighting among firms increases. ?When new firms have strengthened through investments, they become direct competitors of the leaders in that pains. . g. A new Chinese intromission in the television industry grows rapidly, they will be direct competitors against either television firms based in China, for example LG and Sony Bargaining agent of consumers when consumers atomic number 18 concentrated, large or buy in volume their bargaining power represents a major force affecting intensity of competition in an industry (Grobler 2009) ? This goes for actual customers(public) and b2b businesses, because those that buy the larger quantities would get the cheaper rates no doubt, however in China how will that be decided? ordain it be their size, market sh be, sales or Return on groovy employed. Potential development of substitute products in many industries firms are in c stick out competition with producers of substitute products in other industries. ?As mentioned passim this article, the Chinese have the ability to imitate anything, this factor will never disappear especially if Chinese firms enter European or American markets, how those manufacturers would react to the Chinese developments are unimaginable.Bargaining power of suppliers the bargaining power of suppliers affects the intensity of completion in an industry, especially when there are large number of suppliers, when there are only a few honorable substitutes raw materials or when salute of switching materials is especially apostrophizely (Grobler 2009) ostiariuss five forces will only be effective if it is through with(p) in a stable environment, it is done to see how attractive the industry is and if it is worth come forwarding a new venture in that environment. doorkeepers generic strategies bell leadership Differentiation Focus comprise leadership Cost leadership blottos having the lowest per- building block (i. . , average) exist in the industry that is, lowest cost relative to your rivals. This could mean having t he lowest per unit cost among rivals in highly competitive industries, in which case returns or profits will be low but however high than competitors Or, this could mean having lowest cost among a few rivals where each firm enjoys pricing power and high profits Notice that cost leadership is defined independently of market structure. Differentiation Differentiating the product offering of a firm means creating something that is perceived industry wide as creation unique.It is a means of creating your own market to some extent. There are several approaches to differentiation Different design Brand image name of features New technology A differentiation strategy may mean differentiating along 2 or more of these dimensions. Focus Here we focussing on a particular buyer group, product segment, or geographic market. while low cost and differentiation are aimed at achieving their objectives industry wide, the focus or niche strategy is built on serve a particular target (customer, pr oduct, or location) very well. Note, however, hat a focus strategy means achieving either a low cost advantage or differentiation in a narrow part of the market. For reasons discussed above, this creates a defendable position within that part of the market. Risks of doing generic strategies Cost leadership Requires continual capital investment because newer innovations cause older creations to become obsolete. When focusing solely on making affordable low cost products, it can cause firms to be blinded to product changes that are needed. Ie. measurement over quality When costs do begin to increase it narrows the differences amongst competitors and advantage is ultimately lostFor China, the main happen that would affect them the most is when focusing solely on quantity, especially because of their expertise in manufacturing they could lose sight of changes that need to be done to rectify sales. However, China does have the leading number of R&038D departments, even though they t op executive non be as innovative as the Japanese or South Koreans, they have the ability to imitate anything they produce which is why they convey a major role in globalization, they can imitate anything provided fresh air as they say. Differentiation Customer loyalty becomes in like manner large to hold because of the cost differentiation between low cost firms and differentiating firms. The consumer or buyers need to differentiate falls by because of price increases. Imitation decreases perceived differentiation This area is where China are dominant, because they have the influence of causing differentiation to fail, because if the product looks the same, and does the same thing, then why would they ever go for the more expensive, and thus Chinese markets brandish because economies of scale have brought their price down dramatically.This is also when manufacturers have to start looking for alternative suppliers because they now have to compete with China which is not an eas y task, and in doing so, it almost definitely forces them to go global. Focus When companies market to niches only they already take the risk of not completely hearty a demographic segment and with other companies finding alternatives ways to better their market share eg. FDI or R&038D labs, they face the risk of dissolving.On its own focus strategys should not be attempted by almost any kind of company, its main nominate is to satisfy a small group of consumers at a time, and if this is not the aim of the business then they are going to fall exceedingly short on their company vision. Books Grobler, W. (2009) Business strategy, CTI Education Group, Johannesburg. Johnson, G. scholes, K. Whittington, R. (2008) Exploring corporate strategy, apprentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.

Fiction novel by Jerry Spinelli Essay

Milkweed is a historical fiction sweet by Jerry Spinelli. It is centered around Misha who grows up in Warsaw, Poland as the final solution is in full fledge. Misha struggles in his young life, as an orphaned Jew who steals and struggles to survive. end-to-end the book Misha exemplifies persistence and perseverance in never giving up on life or the setbacks life can hand you that ar outside of your control. This is a story of a man reflecting back on his difficult life he was dealt.Despite having no family, no belongings, and no true sense of identity, Misha is still able to love and care for others. He only steals and pick pockets others because it is necessary to his survival. Although he origin all(prenominal)y steals from Janina and her family, they take him in and treat Misha as their son. He loves and cares for them in return and continues to care for Janina, thus far after she is cruelly taken away from him after organism savor by the Nazis.Even into his old life, Misha th inks fondly of Janina, remembering how he objective felt he was a part of her family and remembering her with kindness. He gives his granddaughter Janina for a shopping center name without hesitating when asked by his daughter. Although Misha begins the novel with no real sense of self or identity, by the end of the book and middle age for him, he finds his spot in the world, living stillnessfully and being sure of himself. After the War, Misha moves to America, where he begins giving speeches on street corners congress stories of all that he endured during the War.I think he may own told these stories both to make sense of what had happened to him and also to make others aware of hardly how awful the Nazi party was. He is able to make peace his past and leads a peaceful, happy life working at a grocery store and spending time with his daughter and granddaughter. Misha shows us all that despite what setbacks people drive encountered and how unfair life may have been to them, with hard work, perseverance, and an optimistic outlook on life, you may not be able to control your destiny, but you are able to control how you move to it.Misha just so happens to take life as it comes and celebrate his victories. He chooses not to dwell on his orphaned life, poverty, the war, or the fact that his big(predicate) life left him and rejoice in the fact that he formerly had loved ones and now has a healthy daughter and granddaughter. After time, Misha certain his past and quirky habits he acquired during the war and was able to reconcile with them.

Report on Recruitment and Selection Processes Essay

health c ar United is an organisation that endeavours to employ the scoop healthcare professionals. They aim to be the number one Healthcare professionals in Australia, currently employs 1500 Healthcare professionals in VIC and NSW and they wish to widen their operation and hold up a nonher office in Hobart. Comparing the currently developed 2012 Healthcare United en add uping and cream insurance policy and relevant legislation, I have identified some basic problems still existing in the 2012 enlisting and cream guidelines. Through a detailed digest on the enlisting and selection unconscious process, Healthcare United cigarette improve the procedures and the over in all lick. TimeframesThe policy in 2007 has an estimated timeframe of 30 days plus. This is now deep down a self-coloured timeframe of 2 3 weeks maximum. There really needs to be a specific timeframe so managers faecal matter be guided with that, in the 2007 guidelines the managers knew for typeface tha t reporting a assign vacant had to be through in 2 3 days, this could drag out the initial starting process without this timeframe for individually process. I feel each process needs a timeframe to keep the processes in the timely manner not just nonchalant 2 3 week maximum timeframe, this is over-the-hill compared to current investigate and practice. PersonnelThe manager and HR are involved. Analysing the vacant position should already be through by the tutor of department, there should be a template already do for all positions. This would speed the process up and can consequently be advertised as soon as the Manager notifies HR of the position vacant within their department. Approval of the position to be advertised should be done at this point. DocumentationThe Manager and HR complete the permission to recruit form together in the 2007 policy, besides there is no call forth of this in the 2012 policy which could execute to confusion at a later date, enfranchisement should be preserve from the start of the process to the practice of the new employee. Policy should be in place at every process. Training & SupportManagers are offered the gage for HR in grooming of personal in 2012 policy, however nothing is mentioned in the policy somewhat the processes of how this pull up stakes be done? There needs to be a clear process of this as new employees pass on be asking what it is and how it is conducted? There is no mention of training in the 2007 Guidelines for training every and no mention of innovation processes. The manager of each department should be able to identify knowledge, skills, abilities and competencies required for each employee. Support systems needed to implement policy and procedure. Eg change to the acidifyplace physical setting or new equipment. This all comes under the WHS legislation. observe and EvaluationMangers should be supervise and evaluating there department in an current manner, this should be recorded a nd updated in a formal document or record management system? In the 2007 guidelines and the 2012 policy nothing is mentioned almost these processes at all? This is outdated for policies compared to current research and practise. Any monitoring and evaluation in additionls used must(prenominal) be accessible to relevant employees, effectual and reliable and also comply with relevant legislation. RecommendationsPosition vacant analysis needs to be conducted by managers and then approved by senior(a) management and paperwork to be sufferd for each and every position as per 2007. HR not managers to deal with legislative and award requirement needs not managers. Position Description It must be current and as close as possible. Templates reviewed on a quarterly basis for each position, and take for sure they are in line with current legislation and it is listed within the advertisement. Timeframes Estimated timeframes for each process need to be added to the policy as it was w ith the 2007 policy.This will devote a clear indication of what the correct process and timeframes that will and are expected to maintain the outcome required in the qualify time stated. Personnel HR and managers the lines of each duty in the selection process are not clearly identified it is uncertain what the managers duties are and what the HR departments are, so is contradictory to 2007 guidelines? For example does the Manager short list and short though resumes? Special exemptions to upcountry recruitment?? This is not in line the EEO legislation. Managers create advertisement with the support of HR for HU newsletter on intranet. Managers send advertisement with the support of HR advertisement to publications department to maculation on the intranet. Documentation I suggest documentation being done for each position vacant and that the position be analysed by the Manager to determine whether the position is still required to be filled by a new employee or for exampl e the duties can be provided and dissever amongst current employees or only a part time employee? This should be every time a position becomes vacant. A process with documentation is imperative. Training and SupportHR is in charge of the whole procedure in 2007 guideline, it should be the managers duty with some support from HR as stated in 2012. Monitoring and Evaluation senior(a) managers will sign off on the position definition and give approval of position this is consistent with the 2007 policy.Position descriptions are developed by managers using a position description template and Senior or HR management to sign off on position description and approve. Advertisement include Position title should be an updated template of each position title including Key tasks and objectives with required targets.Qualifications requiredSkills, knowledge, attributes and experienceWHS requirements call and conditionsAdvertisementAdvertisement does not have a timeframe however the whole proc ess needs to be completed in 2 3 weeks, maximum. But in Healthcare Uniteds 2007 policy, position must be advertised internally and externally for 10 working days. It is contrary to 2012 as in 2007 all positions were firstly advertised internally for a minimum of ten working days and then will be advertised externally for another 10 working days. The 2007 procedure is too yen. There is no mention to comply with the anti-discrimination legislation mentioned in either policy? ShortlistThe 2012 policy states the managers will conduct most of this work? With the support of HR department, processes need to be clear on who is accountable for each process of the selection process? In the 2007 Guideline the HR department did the nineing and reading of all of the applicants, after a shortlist has been complied I think they then should be sent to the manager to decide who he/she would like to consultation for the position. The internal applicants will go through the corresponding o ccupation procedure as per EEO legislation. Administration supply to collate all resumes and give to managers. Managers to read and screen each external and internal application and divide them into yes, no and maybe piles and decide on the shortlist to discourse. Managers then collate all documentation from short-listed applicants. Managers organise administration module to send all external applicants not short-listed are monetary standard letter by post or email. Interview documentation and preparationShould be prepared by the manager with assistant from admin staff. Manager organises oppugn panel, dickens members of HR department with one of the HR members being the chairperson. Manager chooses and advises the staff member of their role as expert and requests that they think of three bank line cerebrate interview questions. Position descriptionResumes for each shortlisted candidatesConsent to realise and release police record form.Standard interview questions for HR mem bers of interview panel. Interview mind forms for interviewers.Use checklists for documentations.Interview ApplicantsSelection panel consist of two HR members and one staff member of job related department, with professorship being the HR member. It is contrary to 2007 because all the responsibilities are of Managers. It is outdated as current research says that the interview must involve the managers. It does not comply with the current legislation either. Knowledge of relevant equalopportunity, plum work, privacy and anit-discrimination legislation is required within the panel. Interview ApplicantTo be conducted in a comfortable and quite locationFood and beverages for interview panelInterview schedule and timing needed.Managers and HR to organise interview documentation as listed above. Chairperson greets candidate and obliges introductions.Chairperson opens interview.Manager and HR member of panel ask applicant a series of standard interview questions. Manager from job-relat ed department ask three questionChairperson asks applicant if they have any questionChairperson informs the candidate of the process. beautify thank candidate for attendingPanel complete an interview assessmentPanel select applicantGain approval from senior management subject to reference check. Reference checkReference checking should be done by managers according to 2012 policy while in 2007 it was done by HR. Reference checks are an important part of the selection process. Healthcare join reference check must be conducted on both internal and external applicant by the managers and support of HR department. Procedure mother applicants permissionPhone workplace of applicant and speak to manager/referee. salute self and organisation and purpose of call.Only ask standard questions about applicants knowledge and job related skills, competencies, knowledge and attributes. short letter offerThe job offer is to be finalised by the department manager. It can be verbal offer made quickly in order to ensure preferred candidate is hired. A verbal offer of employment and a candidates verbal acceptance creates a dealual relationship. Any duologue on employment terms and conditions must be ona Without Prejudice basis. ProcedureHR department organise written contract to be drawn up with terms and conditions. Administration to post or email contract to applicant. Upon receiving of the signed contract HR post new employee advice about induction program. A letter of engagement will then be issued including, start date, position, hours or work and pay and entitlements. ConclusionThe 2012 recruitment and selection process will take a maximum of 2-3 weeks. However, the 2007 recruitment and selection process has an estimated time of 35+ days, which is far too long for the stream lined 2012 policy. Even though it takes a much womb-to-tomb time in the process, the 2007 policy has included procedures into recruiting and selecting which is more accurate and detailed, which ha s a higher chance of recruiting the best possible healthcare professionals. This means they can have the best possible human resources so they can provide the good quality service. With all the existing problems in 2012 recruitment and selection process identified, Healthcare United should adopt the recommendations made above to make the recruitment and selection process more efficient and effective and in line with all current legislation. The policy should further specify what training needs to be undertaken and how it is to be supported. Identify training needs of manpower

Money: Crime and Great Gatsby

Jonathan Marsh both in all Ms. Herring English 11 big Gatsby Essay 3/27/13 Period 5 Dark Side of property Theres only one thing that truly rules our world that we live in today. Its what pretty much everybody strives for, and its the only reason why deal indispensableness to be successful. Some believe it brings happiness and joy. This thing is a exigency for emotional state its property. bills is what makes the world go around. It is the one thing that for each one and every person on Earth wishes they had more of. However, what most of these good deal dont realize is that specie is also the root to all evil.The halt The big Gatsby portrays this theme in a lot of different trends. This negative humor towards money consists of jealousy, unequal power, and murder all caused by money. In the akin ways and more, money is the root to all evil in our take society as well. Many crimes occur with some sort of send out relation to money. Although everybody strives for mor e money, not everybody spends it wisely or legally. Unfortunately, the book The Great Gatsby and these real life examples argon true depictions of reality and everyday lfie.Robberies ar a good deal committed in our own communities because of someones seeking money. There be many examples of this including the Luger Bandit in Los Angeles whos has robbed many bank buildings recently. The latest cause was on March 10, 2013. He simply walks into a Wells Fargo bank with a gun, makes the costumers lay on the floor, and forces the employees at gunpoint to put money in his bag. Soon, this man pull up stakes be arrested and thrown into prison. This kind of action will affect many of his family and friends.These robberies can easily turn worsened by the pulling of a trigger. Any unfortunate person that was at the wrong place at the wrong time could die. This would mean that that impartial individual died just because of a mans whitlow pursuit for money. Another display case of crimi nal activity caused by the pursuit for money in our federation is when someone steals from another. An example of this is when two women were robbed at gunpoint in their interior(a) in Indiana. Those two women are now scarred for life and will never be able to for chafe this horrific event.Once again, lives are alter dramatically by criminals looking for money. Its evident that the power of money often drives people to commit evil crimes. This power of money is demonst directd in The Great Gatsby. Gatsby draws alot of attention to himself because of his wealth. Alot of people look up to him, and want to cave in the amount of wealth he has. In order to get this money, Gatsby got intricate with the mob and organized crime. So Gatsby risked his life by making criminal decisions so he can constitute slopped.Money influenced Gatsby to make these decisions with his life, which clearly shows that money is truly the root to all evil. There are multiple cases when people with wealth tend to be more selfish and stuck up. tom turkey and Daisy in The Great Gatsby can be examples to this idea. Nick explains to us towards the end of the book that Tom and Dasiy are careless, and that they leave messes behind and count on others to compensate it for them. If they didnt wee the amount of money that they have, they wouldnt be able to do this. Tom and Daisy would appreciate things more, instead of being selfish.The money is obviously the cause to their military position towards others. A real life example of this is when a wealthy individual has a hired maid to clean up after them. The maids wrinkle is to clean up any mess that this person or their family makes. This typeface of case shows that wealthy people tend to be more trifling and have less responsibilities because they have other people to do it for them. Without all that money, they wouldnt be able to do that. Theyd have to clean up and have the same amount of responsibilities as the average person.These e xamples from The Great Gatsby and real life definitely represent society in general, because crimes are committed everyplace all the time in search for money. According to statistics, 20 banks are robbed every day and 45 houses are broken into every second in the United States. With the percent of poverty and unemployed people in need for money increasing, I dont see these rates dropping anytime soon. If anything it could get worse. Our society is simply doomed, we have no hope. On the other berth of the story, the people with money spoil themselves by spending it the wrong ways.Alot of wealthy people choose to go to bars, stripclubs, and prostitution houses. It may be legal, further theyre still unwise decisions. Also, the amount of drug abuse continues to increase. In fact, the rate of illegal drug use rose last year to the highest take aim in nearly a decade. How do people recieve these drugs? They pay for it with money. Without all that money, they wouldnt be able to afford those illegal drugs. It is clear that we cant really do anything to avoid these problems in our society.Itll continue to happen no matter what. Money is very powerful, it rules our world. It tends to control people and take over their minds. This shows in stats of crimes and what those people, prosperous enough to have money, do with the money. Impatient people who arent satisfied with the amount of money that they already have attempt to take the easy way out by robbing banks, houses, cars etc. The wealthy individuals make unwise decisions and become lazy because of the money. Theres no doubt, money is the root to all evil.

Object Oriented Programming in Different Languages

OOP with Microsoft visual sancti ace(a)d . last(a) and Microsoft optic C timber by standard by robin redbreast A. Reynolds-Haertle Microsoft agitate 2002 (393 rascals) ISBN 0735615683 This intuitive, self-paced dateing buming is intentional to attend to you verify the basics of bearing-oriented programming with ocular underlying. profit or ocular C. punctuate back of Contents OOP with Microsoft opthalmic basic . profits and Microsoft visual C . winnings measuring by sh bring come in asylum Chapter 1 paper Your off knack printing Object-Oriented Program Chapter 2 Creating kind Instances with Constructors Chapter 3 Creating Fields and PropertiesChapter 4 Working with Methods Chapter 5 utilize presentditary pattern to seduce Specialized categorisees Chapter 6 Designing Base Classes as abstractionist Classes Chapter 7 Responding to Changes with Events and Exceptions Chapter 8 Putting It All To turn backher with Components Chapter 9 Prov iding go Using Interfaces Chapter 10 Using Classes Interchangeably Through Polymorphism Chapter 11 Using Shargond and Static Members Chapter 12 Overloading Operators with opthalmic C Chapter 13 Saving Instance Data Chapter 14 Reducing Complexity by DesignAppendix tot upitional Re mentions Index Height Gage List of Sidebars OOP with Microsoft opthalmic prefatorial . top and Microsoft opthalmic C . mesh Step by Step PUBLISHED BY Microsoft count A Division of Microsoft Corporation wholeness Microsoft Way Redmond, Washington 98052-6399 Copyright 2002 by robin A. Reynolds-Haertle All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this decl be whitethorn be reproduced or transmittable in either form or by whatever delegacy with knocked out(p) the written permission of the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Reynolds-Haertle, Robin A. , 1959-OOP with Microsoft visual rudimentary . NET and Microsoft ocular C Step by Step / Robin A. Reynolds -Haertle. p. cm. Includes bibliographical constituteences and index. ISBN 0-7356-1568-3 1. Object-oriented programming ( calculator science). 2. Microsoft visual BASIC. 3. C (Com targeter program expression) I. agnomen. QA76. 64 . R495 2001 005. 2768dc21 2001052122 Printed and bound in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 QWT 7 6 5 4 3 2 Distributed in Canada by Penguin restrains Canada Limited. A CIP catalogue record for this shake up got is available from the British Library.Microsoft twitch go fors argon available through takesellers and distributors worldwide. For further study active(predicate) planetary editions, tactile sensation your local Microsoft Corporation chest of drawers or contact Microsoft fight down International directly at fax (425) 936-7329. Visit our Web localize at www. microsoft. com/mspress. Send comments to e post&160protected com. IntelliSense, Microsoft, Microsoft Press, visual Basic, optical C, opthalmic studio apartment, and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or different countries.Other crop and company call mentioned presentin may be the trademarks of their considerive owners. The example companies, agreements, products, domain names, e-mail subjoinresses, logos, people, places, and events depicted hitherin are fictitious. No association with any real company, organization, product, domain name, e-mail address, logo, person, place, or event is intended or should be inferred. 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PN 097-0002296 For Bruce Youre still the one.About the Author Robin A. Reynolds-Haertle Robins interest in computing began when she taught herself to program in C to fulfill a programming language requirement fo r her masters degree in biomathematics at the University of Washington. Fascinated by the subject, Robin attended as many computer science course of instructiones as her archive would permit, and took a position as a programmer with the University of Washington by and by graduation. Robin spent some(prenominal)(prenominal) years in the biotechnology industry, write entropy applications in various database management systems, C, and Microsoft opthalmic Basic.Not content to equitable film computer science and software engine room give-and-takes, she thusly pursue and coped a masters degree in software engineering at Seattle University. During these years, Robin presented training sessions on software engineering topics to her peers. subsequently so many years in the yearroom, Robin precious to try teaching, and jumped at the opportunity to teach object- oriented programming with optical Basic for the University of Washington Outreach program. Here she dis upholded she loved writing instructional materials and sample tasks for her students. This led Robin to her current position as a programmer/writer at Microsoft, writing conceptual documentation for opthalmic Basic and Microsoft visual C.When not at the computer, Robin is arduous to make peace with her abandoned husband and sons. After she dos this book, they look preliminary to Moms attention to Cub Scouts, Boy Scouts, hiking, and watching BattleBots. After catching up with the family, Robin hopes to sew a few quilts. Acknowledgments initiatory Id like to thank the team at Microsoft Press that turned my writing into a book. Without Jack Beaudry, the technical editor, I never would move over gotten any sleep. His meticulous reviews saved me time and saved enterers from much(prenominal) frustration. Kathleen Atkins, the project editor, kept everything running smoothly and improved my text considerably.Credit is overly due to Danielle Bird, acquisitons editor Rebecca McKay (Becka), man uscript editor Cheryl Penner and Rebecca Wendling (Becky), copy editors Gina Cassill, compositor and Michael Kloepfer, electronic artist. I also deficiency to thank my colleagues at Microsoft who listened sympathetically to my complaints about deadlines and beta software. Editors Roger Haight and Meredith Waring make me a better writer. Mike Pope reminded me to put the enunciateer ahead of being clever. Megan Shult and Ann Morris, my managers, were supportive even when writing consumed all my after(prenominal)-hours energy. Much of what I suss outed about . NET came from the material written by my team members Jina Chan, Seth Grossman, Steve Hoag, Steve Stein, and Matt Stoecker. And thank you to Diana Rain, my office mate.Id also like to thank Ruth McBride, my longtime manager, and my instructors at Seattle University. I appreciate their patience with my often experimental approaches to their assignments over the years. I also have to mention the friends that still call to check on me, even though I havent called them in months. Jennifer Wirt, Lisa Wiken, mollie Potteiger, and Julie Brinkley have been true friends. This book would never have been written without the support of my husband, Bruce. He gross(a)ly ran my life for the seven months I was writing this book. I worked and wrote he did everything else. My friends are still laughing about how he RSVPs for me.Lastly, I thank my sons for just being there and for being proud of me. Introduction Microsoft ocular Basic developers have long clamored for complete objectoriented language support. Microsoft optic Basic . NET supports all the features of an object- oriented language. In addition, the entire Microsoft . NET Framework, which includes the development support for Microsoft Windows applications, Web applications, Web services, graphics, and data entry, is designed tally to object-oriented principles. Developers who have a firm grasp of object-oriented principles will be the strongest . NET deve lopers.Also modern to developers is C, a C-based language that gives developers a language pick for developing with the . NET Framework. Some C, Java, and C++ development will operate to C to take advantage of . NETs features. Visual Basic programmers looking to find a C language talent also move to C. Visual Basic . NET and C both support object-oriented development with the . NET Framework. No matter what language you distinguish for development, being able to read code in either language will double your recover to Microsoft Visual Studio documentation, . NET books, mag articles, and other developer resources. constitution RequirementsYoull take aim the sideline computer hardware and software to complete the wields in this book Microsoft Visual Studio . NET schoolmaster edition. The Visual Studio . NET software isnt included with this book. You must bribe it separately and install it beforehand you discount complete the exercises in this book. A computer capable of running Microsoft Visual Studio . NET. The following hardware configuration is recommended by the Microsoft Visual Studio . NET Web site, at http//msdn. microsoft. com/vstudio/ conterminousgen/ Computer/Processor PC with a Pentium II fork processor, 450 megahertz (MHz) Pentium III caste processor, 600 MHz recommendedOperating System Microsoft Windows 2000, Server or victor Microsoft Windows XP Home or Professional Microsoft Windows NT 4. 0 Server Memory Windows 2000 Professional, 96 megabytes (MB) of obstruct 128 MB recommended Windows 2000 Server, 192 MB of RAM 256 MB recommended Windows XP Professional, 128 MB of RAM 160 Recommended Hard Disk 500 MB on System bowel movement and 3. 0 gigabyte (GB) on installation drive Drive CD-ROM drive Display VGA or higherresolution observe Computer/Processor Input Device Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device aiming Your Best Starting Point This book is designed to teach you the fundamentals of object-oriented programming.You b athroom use this book if you have a basic knowledge of Visual Basic 6, Visual Basic . NET, Visual C, or some other(prenominal) Windows programming language. The exercises in this book buy up you thunder mug already perform the following tasks develop a tender Windows Application project, build it, and run it. tote up Windows Forms corresponds to a Windows Form. Create a mode to respond to the flicker event of a entirelyton control. Create a unanalyzable system (called a Sub or locomote in Visual Basic . NET). Declare and use variables. For an introduction to Visual Basic . NET, read Microsoft Visual Basic . NET Step by Step by Michael Halvorson (Microsoft Press, 2002).For an introduction to Visual C , read Microsoft Visual C . NET Step by Step by magic trick Sharp and Jon Jagger (Microsoft Press, 2002). Use the following table to observe your best jump point in this book. If you are New To object- oriented programming Migrating From Visual Basic 6 Switching From another object- oriented programming describe these steps instal the practice files as draw in the following section, Installing and Using the perpetrate Files Work through the chapters sequentially for a complete introduction to object-oriented programming. Chapters 1 through 7, 9, and 11 endure on the mechanics of object- riented programming, while the other chapters cover the concepts in more depth. Install the practice files as described in Installing and Using the Practice Files on the next page. Work through the chapters sequentially for a complete introduction to object- oriented programming with Visual Basic .NET. Chapters 1 through 7, 9, and 11 concentrate on the mechanics of object- oriented programming, while the other chapters cover the concepts in more depth. Install the practice files as described in Installingand Using the Practice Files. If you are New language. Referencing The book after working through the exercises Follow these steps Complete Chapter 1 to bring the basic yntax of properties and method acting actings. Read the rapidly destination sections at the end of the chapters for information about specific line constructs. Use the index or the Table of Contents to find information about particular subjects. Read the Quick Reference at the end of each chapter to find a apprise review of the syntax and techniques presented in the chapter. Installing and Using the Practice Files The swain CD indoors the back cover of this book contains the practice files that youll use as you perform the exercises in the book. For example, when youre learning to take in variance events, youll use a bitmap file named Train. bmp.By employ the practice files, you wont waste time creating objects that arent applicable to the exercise. Instead, you can concentrate on learning object-oriented programming with Visual Basic . NET and Visual C . NET. The files and the step-by-step instructions in the lessons also let you learn by doing, which is an easy and effective way to acquire and remember new skills. Important Install the practice files Before you break the seal on the OOP with Microsoft Visual Basic . NET and Microsoft Visual C Step by Step companion CD package, be sure that this book matches your version of the software.This book is designed for use with Microsoft Visual Studio . NET Professional Edition for the Windows operating systems. To find out what software youre running, you can check the product package or you can latch on the software, and accordingly tittle-tattle About Microsoft Development Environment in the Help identity card at the top of the screen. Follow these steps to install the practice files on your computers hard disk so that you can use them with the exercises in this book. 1. Remove the companion CD from the package inside the back cover of this book and insert the CD in your CD-ROM drive. 2. Double- domestic dog the My Computer photo on the Desktop.Tip On some computers, the startup pr ogram big businessman run automatically when you close the CD-ROM drive. In this case, skip steps 2 through 5 and follow the instructions on the screen. 3. Double-click the icon for your CD-ROM drive. 4. Double-click StartCD. exe 5. Click Install Sample Code. The setup program window appears with the recommended options preselected for you. For best results in apply the practice files with this book, accept these preselected settings. 6. When the files have been installed, shoot the CD from your CD- ROM drive and replace it in the package inside the back cover of the book.A folder called OOPVBCS has been created on your hard disk, and the practice files have been placed in that folder. Using the Practice Files Each lesson in this book explains when and how to use any practice files for that lesson. The practice files contain the complete source listings for all the applications created in this book, as well as any resources, such as bitmaps and databases, that youll drive to co mplete the exercises. For those of you who like to know all the details, heres a list of the Visual Basic and Visual C projects on the practice disk Project Chapter 1 Read bears Chapter 2 ReadMore watchwords Chapter 3 CodeAnalysis CodeAnalysis2 Chapter 4DeckOfCards Chapter 5 TheBank ARound passing Chapter 6 ABetterBank ABetterLibrary Variations description This simple program show ups the basics of creating, instantiating, and using a screen. This program expands on the Read admits program and adds detergent builders. These two applications demonstrate different approaches to using signifier properties, and the interaction of associate properties and the DataGrid control. This application explores class methods by using dynamic creation of Windows Forms controls and drag-and-drop transactions. This simple application demonstrates the basics of class inheritance. This small project shows how easy it is to derive rom a Windows Forms control and redefine its drawing. This adapt ation of Chapter 5s TheBank application uses an abstract class as a base class. This improvement on Chapter 1s Read masss application uses a strongly vitrined collection. This application contains code snippets demonstrating variations on inheritance. Chapter 7 TrainGame ThrowSystemException PersonList Project Chapter 8 GamesLibrary Memory Chapter 9 MoveIt Points Chapter 10 PatternMaker Chapter 11 BetterCard SortablePoint Singleton Chapter 12 VectorAlgebra Chapter 13 serialize DataSetExercise Chapter 14 This application introduces delegates, events, and user-drawn controls in the context of a simple game.This small program throws a system exception and recovers by using exception handling. This application creates and throws a custom application exception. Description The GamesLibrary project creates a component library containing objects used to develop the simple Memory card game This application covers the basics of creating and put oning an interface. The Points project conta ins objects that weapon the IComparable, IFormattable, and IEnumerable interfaces. Moving beyond the basics of inheritance, the PatternMaker program makes extensive use of inheritance and polymorphism. This improvement on the Card class from Chapter 4 uses static methods to liminate the projects dependency on file locations. The SortablePoint application from Chapter 10 is made more flexible through static properties. Static handle are used to devour the Singleton design pattern. The mathematical concept of vectors is used to demonstrate the definition and use of operator overloading in Visual C. The Serialize application demonstrates the use of binary and XML serialization of data. This very simple ADO. NET application reads data from an Access database. PatternMaker Uninstall the practice files This example uses the PatternMaker exercise from Chapter 10 to demonstrate the way to make design changes after the i nitial development of an application.If you are using the Windows XP Professional operating system, follow these steps to admit out the practice files from your computer. If you are using a different version of Windows, refer to your Windows Help documentation for removing programs. 1. Click Start, and then click moderate Panel. 2. In Control Panel, click contribute Or Remove Programs. 3. In the carry Or Remove Programs window, click OOP Visual Basic And C . NET Code in the Currently Installed Programs list. 4. Click Change/Remove. The Confirm File Deletion dialog appears. 5. Click Yes to delete the practice files. 6. Click shut down to close the carry Or Remove Programs window. 7. Close Control Panel.Conventions and Features in this Book This book uses conventions designed to make the information more clear(p) and easier to follow. The book also includes features that contribute to a deeper understanding of the material. Conventions Each exercise is a serial publication of tasks. Each task is presented as a series of numbered steps. If a t ask has only one step, the step is indicated by a round bullet. rail lines labeled tip provide more information for terminate a step successfully. Notes labeled important alert you to information you take to check before continuing. The book uses typographic styles to help organize the information presented. The following table describes the styles used. Style Code Italics Used for Code that you boast case in Method argument or parameter Event subroutine Field Fully Qualified Name Keyword Method Property appreciate Example Visual Basic Public Class Book balance Class // Visual C public class Book aBook showPage_Click m_shelf SomeBook. schoolbook Public, public, If, if GetPage listOfBooks Roman Other Features Boolean determine Class name Control type Data type Event Form Namespace Parameter type Property True, true, False, false Book, Library, Train ListBox, schoolbookBox attract, gearing, whole number, int Click Form1 ReadBooks gearing, chain, Integer, int NameSh aded sidebars throughout the book provide more in-depth information about the exercise. The sidebars might contain debugging tips, design tips, or topics you might hope to explore further. Each chapter ends with a Quick Reference section. The Quick Reference provides a brief review of the syntax and techniques presented in the chapter. Corrections, Comments, and Help Every effort has been made to verify the accuracy of this book and the contents of the practice files on the companion CD. Microsoft Press provides corrections and additional content for its books through the cosmea Wide Web at http//www. microsoft. com/mspress/support/If you have fusss, comments, or papers regarding this book or the companion CD, please channelize them to Microsoft Press. Send e-mail to email&160protected com Or send postal mail to Microsoft Press Attn Step by Step Series Editor One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052-6399 Please note that support for the Visual Studio . NET software product itself i s not offered through the preceding address. For help using Visual Studio . NET, visit http//support. microsoft. com. Visit the Microsoft Press World Wide Web Site You are also invited to visit the Microsoft Press World Wide Web site at http//www. microsoft. com/mspress/Youll find descriptions for the complete line of Microsoft Press books, information about ordering titles, notice of fussy features and events, additional content for Microsoft Press books, and much more. You can also find out the la bear witness in Visual Studio . NET software developments and news from Microsoft Corporation at http//msdn. microsoft. com/vstudio/nextgen/ Check it out Chapter 1 Writing Your First Object-Oriented Program Overview ESTIMATED TIME 2 hr. 30 min. In this chapter, youll learn how to Decide which classes to implement in your program. Create a class with palm, properties, and methods. Use a class in an application. Use Microsoft Visual Studio . NET tools to create a class definition. Cla sses are the building blocks of object-oriented programs. Object-oriented program design is driven by the objects in the problem you learn to solve. If your goal is to change class registration, you might create classes for the instructor, student, and class schedule objects. Objects also have properties that describe them and their look. These are implemented as properties and methods of a class. Just as an instructor has a name, so does the Instructor class have a Name airscrew.To assign a student to a class, youd need to find an open section in the schedule. So your ClassSchedule class might implement a FindOpenSection method. The method would likely check the variable, called a field, in the class in which youve stored information about sections. In this chapter, youll learn how to position the objects in your problem domain and their properties and behaviors (methods). Using this summary, youll design and implement the classes using situation and method programming const ructs. Youll then declare and set the variables of the classes youve coded.Finally, youll implement the solution to your problem by calling the properties and methods of the class variables. Reading Books Your First Object-Oriented Program Your task in this chapter is to implement a program that breaks whacking text files in page- size pieces. Typically, your task begins with a specification, mayhap complete, perhaps not. The specification for Chapter 1 follows You have downloaded on your computer the text of some(prenominal)(prenominal) books. You expect to be able to select a book and read one particular page at a time. You also want to be able to set the aloofness of a page. Youve already refractory which user interface you want to use its shown hereAs you look at the user interface, you can see that you need to add some controls to a Windows form a ListBox, a Rich text editionBox, two NumericUpDown controls, and some labels. How will you store the texts of the books? How will you fill the list? How will you find oneself the correct page of the book that you want to read? You can use object-oriented programming to answer these questions. Designing the Classe s Before you can implement your classes, you must decide which classes you need. First you look for the objects in the problem. Having found the objects, you then look for properties, which are characteristics or qualities that belong to the object, and methods, which are behaviors of the object.You can assume from many ways to design the classes in an application. The approach presented here begins with a textual analysis of the problem. The nouns are selected as candidates for classes, while verbs become candidates for the methods. In the course of the analysis, youll slip by many of the nouns as candidates, and you might discover classes that arent among the nouns in the specification. After you determine the objects, properties, and methods that belong to your classes, you can then write t he class specification that youll use in the implementation. Find the classes . Read the problem statement, and find all the nouns. You have downloaded on your computer the text of several books. You want to be able to select a book and read one particular page at a time. You also want to be able to set the length of a page. 2. Eliminate candidates. Reasons to eliminate a candidate include The class based on the noun would have only properties or only methods. The class based on the noun wouldnt be relevant to the problem. The class based on the noun wouldnt represent one object.You can eliminate the irrelevant candidates computer and time. distance (of a page) is merely an integer rank and wouldnt generate enough behavior to qualify as a class. The very(prenominal) is true of text in this examplethe only thing to be done with it is to display a piece of it, a page. By the same reasoning, page is also not a class. That leaves book and books. Books is just the plural of book , so you are left only with book as a potential class. But you arent finished yet. 3. Search for missing candidates. claim this specification, The dealer deals four-spot cards to each player. Theres no mention of a deck of cards, although deck is a likely class in that problem. remember eliminating books? Another class does, in fact, represent the properties and behavior of a base of books. You can call this class Library. The library concept is different from the book concept. A book has a title and text and can be read. A library contains many books, which can be checked out and returned. Left with the Book and Library classes, you can now search for properties and methods. Find the methods and properties 1. Read the problem statement, and find all the verbs. You can leave out the helping verbs, such as is, was, and have.As in the case of the nouns, textual analysis of verbs is just the starting point for determination the methods. You have downloaded on your computer the text of several books. You want to be able toselect a book and read one particular page at a time. You also want to be able to set the length of a page. 2. Consider each verb. Is it a method, or does it indicate a method? Is it relevant to the problem? Downloaded and want are clearly irrelevant to the problem. Select is an operation of the Library class. In a real library, this action would correspond to finding a book on the shelf and checking it out. So the Library has a CheckOut method.Theres also a hidden seat here because a book needs a title. Read is an operation of the Book class. This method allows you to read one particular page, so it can be named GetPage. The verb set indicates that a property needs to be changed, and that property is the length of a page, Pageduration. 3. The same nouns that you eliminated as classes might in fact be properties of those classes. textual matter, length (of a page), and page were eliminated as classes. A book does need text, so school text b ecomes a property of Book. You discovered that PageLength is a property in considering the verb set.Page represents one section of the text and represents the result of the GetPage operation, so it isnt a property. 4. Look for missing properties and methods. If youre termination to check books out of the library, you need a way to add books to the library and return the checked-out books. A CheckIn method will handle this. Testing the Class Design read the problem, and determine whether your classes, with their properties and methods, provide the functionality necessary to solve the problem. You have downloaded on your computer the text of several books. Do you have a way of storing and organizing several books?Yes, you can create one Book for each book and one Library to store them all. You want to be able to select a book and read one particular page at a time. Can you select one book and read one page? Yes, books can be selected by their titles, and the GetPage method retrieves one page. You also want to be able to set the length of a page. Can you set the length of a page? Yes, the Book class has a PageLength property. The results are shown in the following table. The methods are shown as they might be say in Visual Basic. Class Book Properties Integer PageLengt h Methods GetPage (pageNumber As Integer) As String Class Library Creating the Book Class PropertiesString Text String Title Methods CheckIn (aBook As Book) CheckOut(title As String) As Book The following exercise covers the basics of class implementation using the Book class as an example. To implement the Library class, youll use some of the development tools provided by the Microsoft Visual Studio . NET integrated development environment (IDE). Create the book class 1. In the IDE, click the File menu, point to New, and then click Project. The New Project dialog box opens. 2. Select Visual Basic Projects or Visual C Projects in the Project Types corner, click Windows Application in the Templa tes list. 3.Enter ReadBooks in the Name box, and click OK. 4. Display the resolution Explorer by selecting Solution Explorer on the believe menu. Click the ReadBooks project in the Solution Explorer. 12. On the Project menu, click Add Class. The Add New Item dialog box appears, as shown here 13. Enter either Book. vb or Book. cs in the Name box, depending on the language you are using. Note that the class name begins with a majuscule letter and is singular. 14. Click Open. The IDE adds a file to your project. The file includes the basic definition of a class, as shown in the following two screen shots.The Visual Basic class contains the minimum for a class declaration. Heres the syntax for declaring a class in Visual Basic Class ClassName displace Class In this case, the class is named Book. The IDE adds the Public modifier thats shown to indicate that the class can be used throughout the project. The Visual C class contains the class declaration as well as a constructor. Heres the syntax for declaring a class in C class ClassName A constructor contains code to initialize the fields of a class and perform other class initialization functions. In C, it has the same name as the class. A constructor isnt required.Ill talk more about constructors in Chapter 2, Creating Class Instances with Constructors. Add the Text and PageLength fields A field is a variable stated in a class block. Fields can be any . NET data type, such as Integer or Boolean . NET class, such as TextBox or ListBox or any class that you have created. 1. Locate the beginning of the class definition. In Visual Basic, the class definition begins immediately after the line that shows the class name. In Visual C, the class definition begins after the opening curly set up of the class. 2. Add the following code inside the class to create Text and PageLength fields. 3. Visual BasicPublic Text As String = Public PageLength As Integer = 10 // Visual C public fibril Text = p public int PageLengt h = 10 Tip By convention, the initial letters of names of public members (fields, properties, methods, and events) of a class are capitalized (Textfield) or are intercapitalized (PageLength field). match to the code, you have specified initial values for the fields the unemployed string for Text and 10 for PageLength. A basic tenet of object-oriented programming is that an object should maintain a consistent state. That means that the state of the object (the values of its fields) should represent a usable state.If you didnt initialize the fields, values would slight to for the Text field and 0 for the PageLength field. If those were acceptable values for a book, you could leave them uninitialized. But because compilers and their default values change, you can prevent maintenance problems by initializing the fields. Your invitee code (the code that uses a Book object) is able to read and write to any field declared with the public keyword (Public in Visual Basic and public in V isual C). Providing direct access to the class data is a violation of the object-oriented principle of information hiding, which stipulates that the client has no knowledge of the underlying data structure of an object.In the next section, youll learn how to allow the client code to get and set the Title of the Book without giving away details about the implementation. Add the Title property A property is a programming construct that allows your code to get and set a value. Typically, the code in the property constructor will get and set the value of a private field in the class. In client code, a public field and a property are used in the same wayfor example, SomeBook. Text and SomeBook. Title. 1. Add the following code to the Book class after the Text and PageLength declarations. 2. mystical m_title As String Visual Basic private string m_title // Visual CThis code creates a private field in the Book class. Client code doesnt have access to this property. Tip mystic fields of a class are declared using the m_ affix to identify them as member data. Private field names arent capitalized. 3. Add the following code to the Book class, after the m_title declaration. 4. Visual Basic 5. Public Property Title() As String 6. Get 7. parry m_title 8. break Get 9. Set(ByVal value As String) 10. m_title = value 11. End SetEnd Property 12. // Visual C 13. public string Title 14. get 15. return m_title 16. 17. set 18. m_title = value 19. These syntax blocks define class properties.The Title property appears in the IntelliSense drop-down list just like any other property, such as the familiar TextBox. Text or Form. Backcolor. The property block allows you to control access to the property. You can add proof code to the Set block to ensure that only reasonable values are assigned to the underlying m_title field. Note Please notice an important difference between fields and properties. A place is reserved in computer storage for fields. They contain the actual d ata of the class. Properties provide access to the data but are not data themselves. In this book, I use the word set to mean ever-changing a property. I use the word get to mean retrieving the value of a property.The Get and Set blocks of a property can be called getters and setters, or accessors . The property block is more flexible than youve seen here. Properties can be public or private, read/write, read-only, or write-only. In Visual Basic, the property statements can even take a parameter. By the way, I cover properties in detail inChapter 2, but I need to talk about them at least a little bit in this chapter. A Little Bit About Properties We can use the word properties, in a general object-oriented sense, to mean the descriptive information about an object. We can also use properties to mean the particular syntactic construct provided by Visual Basic and C.The particular meaning of the word can be determined by context. Use properties to validate class data and hide class im plementation. You have to make a strong case for using public fields in a class. The addition of a property to a class to control access to the underlying data requires minimal effort. The benefit of this practice is that you can easily add validation or change the implementation if you need to without affecting clients already using your objects. Add the GetPage method Add the GetPage method to the class definition after the field declarations. Visual BasicPublic Function GetPage(ByVal pageNumber As Integer) As String contraband start As Integer = (pageNumber -1) * PageLength If (start < Text. Length) And (start >= 0) Then If (start + PageLength) < Text. Length Then Return Text. Substring(start, PageLength) Else Return Text. Substring(start, Text. Length start) End If Else Return End IfEnd Function // Visual C public string GetPage(int pageNumber) int start = (pageNumber 1) * PageLength if ((start < Text. Length) &038&038 (start >= 0)) if ((start + PageLength) < Text. Length) return Text.Substring(start, PageLength) else return Text. Substring(start, Text. Length start) else return In Chapter 3, Fields and Properties, youll see how we can replace the GetPage method with a construct known as an indexer in Visual C or with a default Item method in Visual Basic. The complete class definitions for our project are shown here Visual Basic Public Class Book Public Text As String = Public PageLength As Integer = 10 Private m_title As String Public Property Title() As String Get Return m_title End Get Set(ByVal Value As String) m_title = Value End Set End PropertyPublic Function GetPage(ByVal pageNumber As Integer) As String Dim start As Integer = (pageNumber 1) * PageLength If (start < Text. Length) And (start >= 0) Then If (start + PageLength) < Text. Length Then Return Text. Substring(start, PageLength) Else Return Text. Substring(start, Text. Length start) End If Else Return End If End FunctionEnd Class // Visual Cusing Syst emnamespace ReadBooks /// /// Summary description for Book. /// public class Book public string Text = public int PageLength = 10 private string m_title public Book() // // TODO Add constructor logic here // public string Title get return m_title set m_title = value ublic string GetPage(int pageNumber) int start = (pageNumber 1) * PageLength if ((start < Text. Length) &038&038 (start >= 0)) if ((start + PageLength) < Text. Length) return Text. Substring(start, PageLength) else return Text. Substring(start, Text. Length start) else return Fields, properties, methods, and constructors can appear in any order in a class definition. Good organization benefits future readers of your code.Heres a common organization and, in fact, the one I used in this book Field declarations Constructors Properties Methods Using the Book Class in an Application Youve just finished implementing the Book class. The class definition is just a template for an object. To put data in the fields and properties, you have to create an authority of the class in computer storage this action is known as instantiation. When you create an subject, a section of memory is set aside to hold the fields of the object. If you create another instance of the class, another section of memory is set aside for its fields. You arent going to implement the full solution yet.First you need to write some code to test your class. Youll create two instances of the Book class in the ReadBooks project, and youll display the fourth page of each book. (These will be very piddling books. ) Youll create a cookbook and a book of queen regnant tales, so youll need to create two separate instances of the Book class. Instead of creating a fancy interface, youll write just enough code to see whether your class is working as you expected. Test Drivers A short program to test a class is called a driver. Its a good idea to exercise your class a bit with a driver before adding the class to a larger program.Use the driver to test your class without the hobble of other code in the program. Create an instance of Book 1. In the Solution Explorer, double-click Form1 to open it in the Windows form designer. If Form1 is opened in the code editor, select View, Designer. 2. Drag a clit from the Toolbox onto Form1. If the Toolbox isnt visible, select View, Toolbox. 3. Right -click the button, and click Properties on the shortcut menu. In the Properties window, set the Name property of the button to showPage and set the Text property to turn in Page. The button on the Windows form is created from the Button class.Name and Text are properties of the Button class. So we can talk about getting and setting these properties. Form1 is a class as well, and the button you just created is a field of the Form1 class. 4. Double-click the button to create the Click event method. 5. Add the following code in boldface to the Click event to create a book of fairy tales. 6. Visual Basic 7. Private Sub showPage_Click(ByVal sender As System. Object, _ 8. ByVal e As System. EventArgs) Handles showPage. Click 9. Dim fairyTales As Book 10. fairyTales = New Book() 11. End Sub 12. // Visual C 13. rivate void showPage_Click(object sender, System. EventArgs e) 14. Book fairyTales 15. fairyTales = new Book() 16. Add the following code to set the Text, PageLength, and Title properties immediately after the code you entered in step 5 17. Visual Basic 18. fairyTales. Text = at a time upon a time there was a bear. 19. fairyTales. PageLength = 8fairyTales. Title = Fairy Tales 20. // Visual C 21. fairyTales. Text = Once upon a time there was a bear. 22. fairyTales. PageLength = 8 fairyTales. Title = Fairy TalesWhen the instance of Book is created, its fields contain the values specified in the class definition. The Text field is an empty string, the page length is 10, and the title is blank. Notice that it makes no difference in the client code whether you use a field or a p roperty. 23. Add the following code after the fairyTales code to create another instance of the Book class. (This instance will be a pattern book. ) 24. Visual Basic 25. Dim cookies As Book = New Book() 26. cookies. Text = Chocolate chip cookies are the most delicious co okies. 27. ookies. PageLength = 8 28. cookies. Title = Cookie Recipes 29. // Visual C 30. Book cookies = new Book() 31. cookies. Text = Chocolate chip cookies are the most delicious co okies. 32. cookies. PageLength = 8 cookies. Title = Cookie Recipes In this case, you used a different syntax for declaring and initializing a variable of the Book class. Visual Basic and Visual C allow declaration and initialization in the same statement. Declaring and initializing in the same statement has the following advantages Programmers are less likely to forget to initialize the variable. When a class defines a constructor with parameters, the fields can be initialized at the same time. (Youll create constructors with par ameters in Chapter 3. ) Use an instance of the Book class 1. Add the following code after the cookies code to display some of the text of the two books. In later chapters, youll learn other ways to return the text of a particular page in the book. 2. Visual Basic 3. Dim page As Integer = 3 4. Dim constitution As String 5. report = Page &038 page. ToString() &038 ControlChars. CrLf _ 6. &038 fairyTales. Title &038 &038 fairyTales. GetPage(page) _ 7. ControlChars. CrLf _ 8. &038 Cookies &038 cookies. GetPage(page) 9. MessageBox. Show(report) 10. report = Titles + fairyTales. Title &038 and &038 cookies. Title 11. MessageBox. Show(report) 12. // Visual C 13. int page = 3 14. string report 15. report = Page + page. ToString() + 16. + fairyTales. Title + + fairyTales. GetPage(page) + 17. + cookies. Title + + cookies. GetPage(page) 18. MessageBox. Show(report) 19. report = Titles + fairyTales. Title + and + cookies. Title MessageBox. Show(report)This bit of code demon strates that there are two separate instances of the Book class. We can refer to these instances using the variables fairyTales and cookies . The object-oriented concept that permits each instance to be referred to separately is known as identity. Youll see in later chapters that the identity principle doesnt mean that you have to create a variable for each instance. Creating so many variables is unwieldy if you need hundreds of instances of a class. Identity does mean that you can refer to each instance separately when you need to.Notice that when you created an instance of Book, the fields of fairyTales were changed and the GetPage method was called. Later on we retrieved the value of the Title property. The value of Title was unchanged after the GetPage method was called. The fact that the value was unchanged demonstrates the concept of object state, the idea that the fields retain their values between method calls. Compare the way the GetPage method works with a method that has variable declarations. After the GetPage method ends, the variables go out of scope and their values are lost to the application. 20. Press F5 to run the code. Click the Show Page button.The results are shown here Click OK, and the book titles are displayed in a message box as shown here Click OK, and then close the application. Youve now created a class, Book, and two instances of it. Your code sent a message to the Book class through the GetPage method to ask for the third page of the text. In the next sections, youll implement another class, Library. This time, however, youll let some of the IDE tools do some of the syntactic work for you. Using the Class View The IDE provides a Class View that displays a tree view of the class structure of the project, namespaces, and classes.The Class View can share the same window as the Solution Explorer. On the View menu, click Class View to open the Class View. The expanded Class View is shown below for Visual Basic and Visual C, respective ly. The highest-level node represents the project, ReadBooks. The next level of nodes represents the namespaces in the project. A project can contain several namespaces in this case, theres only one. The project namespace contains two classes the class that we created, Book, and the class for the Windows form, Form1. The Book class contains two public fields, PageLength and Text, epresented by unconsecrated blocks, and one private field, m_ti

Mormonism – Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints

I. IntroductionMormons is the common name of members of The church service of Jesus christ of latter-day Saints, a saviourian consistence to United States origin. The name is from the prophet Mormon, whose writings, members believe, material body the sacred record of Mormon.The present-day church is descended from the persecuted sect that established a self-sufficient colony in the barren dessert of Utah in 1847. The Mormons still contrive their major strength in Utah, that scram expanded into other sections of the country and have made converts in numerous foreign countries. Headquarters argon in Salt Lake City, Utah (Davies, 2003).The decide of this study is to (1) know the history of Mormonism (2) analyze the beliefs, practices, and organization of the movement from a biblical (Christian) perspective and (3) explain the movements response to scriptural cl get hold ofs of Jesus Christ as well as why or why not I believe this group deserves the label of present-day(a) R eligious Movement (Cult).II. BackgroundA. chronicleMormonism was founded by Joseph Smith (1805-1844), who lived as a early days near Palmyra, western New York. At 14 he began to have visions. In 1827, he announced that after revelation in 1823 he found golden plates with hieroglyphics, which he translated with divine aid and published as the Book of Mormon (1830). The golden plates were not made public, but 11 men testified that they had seen them. Smith founded the church in 1830 with sex members. The sect grew cursorily in numbers (Interview of Martin Harris).In 1831 the Mormons established their original temple in Kirtland, Ohio, near Cleveland, but the group suffered severe financial problems and lost many a(prenominal) of its members.Other Mormons settled in Independence, Missouri. Soon forced to move because of the antagonism of their neighbors, they next founded the town of their neighbors, they next founded the town of Far West in Caldwell County. In 1838-39 they were d riven out of Missouri because of religious prejudice and consternation of Mormon political place.The refugees next settled in Commerce, Illinois, and renamed the town Nauvoo. present on swampy land along the Mississippi the Mormons built an palatial city of about 20,000, then the largest city in Illinois. Again on that point was religious persecution and bitter strife over the growing political power of the Mormons. A new source of conflict was the doctrine of polygamy introduced by Joseph Smith. In 1844, Smith was murdered by a mob. Because of continued harassment by their neighbors, the Mormons abandoned Nauvoo in 1846 (Mormonisms History, 2006).III. DiscussionThe Mormons believe their church is the true innovational successor of the early church of Jesus Christ. The churchs aim is to prep be the world, by the preaching of the restored gospel and the founding of the Latter-day Zion, for the the Nazarenes second coming and the advent of the millennium.A. BeliefsThe Mormons a ccept the Bible as sacred and look upon the Book of Mormon as equal to it in authority. But I strongly believe that there is no oblige in the world that would equal to the Bible, not even the Book of Mormons because this record book (Bible) is immortal-breathed as stated in second Timothy chapter 3 verse line 16 All Scripture is idol-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting, and training in righteousness. This would average that the writers of the Bible are inspired and anointed by the shade of God (Barlow, 1997).The Book of Mormons tells the history of an ancient band of Jewish exiles believed by Mormons to be the ancestors of the Ameri merchant ship Indians but the Bible is silent about it. Other books of scripture are the Doctrine and Covenants, a collection of revelations given through the founder, Joseph Smith and the astragal of Great Price, containing the writings-not found in the Bible-which Mormons believe are revelation of Abraham and Moses. Moreo ver, I contest that the church should not be under the beliefs of its founder but should be followed by the teachings of Jesus Christ, who is the head of the church.The Mormons believe in perpetual revelation by God. Yes, I agree to it but the revelation mustiness always be in the context of the Scripture thus, anything that is not in the parole of God is not of God. In addition, the Mormons believe that God the male parent and his son Jesus Christ appeared to Joseph Smith. Individual members may receive revelations from God for the guidance of their own lives. But only one man at a time may receive revelations from God for the whole church, and he is the president of the whole church. Mormons emphasize faith in Jesus Christ and repentance for sins (Barlow, 1997).I disagree to what the Mormons believe because no one ever sees God. in time Moses and Abraham and other great men of God did not see him brass section to face because no one can stand in his straw man for he is a Ho ly God. When God appeared to Moses, God showed himself in a form of burning bush and Moses trembled because of Gods presence. Moreover, God can do anything he wants to do because he is an omnipotent God. He can speak to different people at the same time. He doesnt only reveal himself and speak to the leader of the church but in like manner reveal himself and speak to us individually through the Holy Spirit and his words because God has no favoritism.B. PracticesThe Mormons baptize by immersion for the cave in of sins and practice laying of hands for the gift of the Holy Spirit. Holy colloquy is celebrated with bread and water. In the Bible, the remission of sin is through the argumentation of Jesus Christ. Water baptism is mentioned in the Bible but it simply signifies that you inhumed your old life and new life has waited for you.The Mormons have two practices grievous bodily harm with them baptism for the dead and celestial marriage. Baptism for the dead is chiefly for ances tors not baptized as Mormons a living person is baptized in proxy for the dead. A celestial marriage is one in which a couple is get married under the authority of the priesthood in a Mormon temple and is wet for eternity so that in the celestial kingdom the family the family relationship provide be resumed. Marriages outside a temple are for life on earth only (Givens, 1997). From the 1840s until 1890, Mormon doctrine permitted plural marriage, or polygamy. I would say that these teachings are not found and written in the Bible. Our marriage to our partner here on earth is only temporary.Mormon temples are used only for secret rites, primarily those of celestial marriage and baptism of the dead. They are open only to Mormons of good standing. Sunday services are held in local churches called ward halls, and non-Mormons are welcomed. Visitors may also enter the temple in Salt Lake City, which is used for conferences and concerts (Davies, 2003).Mormonism looks upon health as a un earthly value and bans the use of liquor, tobacco, coffee, and tea. Recreation is encouraged. There is emphasis on commandment and on work and thrift. The church operates a vast welfare programme for its members who are in need, and it disapproves of public aid. Members support the church by tithing (giving one-tenth of their gross income). On the other hand in the Bible, we are taught that our body is the temple of the Living God as stated in first Corinthians chapter 6 verses 19-20 that is why we should take care of our bodies because we need to glorify Godbody, soul and Spirit.IV. ConclusionIn conclusion, I will base my belief according to the word of God which is theBible so I would say that Mormonism or the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints is a cult because it does not follow fully to the word of God. They have practices and beliefs which cannot be found in the Scripture. As I said earlier, anything that is not from the word of God is not of God. Though they may c laim that they believe on Jesus Christ yet their practices are not in line the teachings of Jesus.Reference1. Mormonisms History. CHRISTIAN APOLOGETICS AND RESEARCH MINISTRY. http//www.carm.org/lds/beginning.htm 2006.2. Interview of Martin Harris. https//user.xmission.com/research/about/docum4.htm3. Barlow, Philip L. (1997). Mormons and the Bible The infinite of the Latter-Day Saints in American Religion. Oxford University Press. New York.4. Davies, Douglas J. (2003). An Introduction to Mormonism. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge, England.5. Givens, Terryl L. (1997). The Viper on the domicil Mormons, Myths, and the Construction of Heresy. Oxford University Press. New York

Aligning Action and Values Article Critique Essay

In the word Aligning Action and Values article by Jim Collins, a very pertinent point is made that is relevant in todays business environment. Organizations send away very undersize time aligning daily work with the overall vision and shopping mall set set by the memorial t competentt. Collins article was written 10 years ago, but the content currently still has merit. Organizations ar invariably changing and adapting to industry and environmental trends. With the explosion of the Internet and rapid orbiculate expansion, come withs need to have efficient channelize circumspection programs and vision to bind the organization on track.Too often, companies be sidelined by managers that are self-promoting and not working for the overall vision of the company. Yet, this is not needfully a middle manager problem, but a problem of the company not describeing and pursuing the grand vision the company was founded to achieve. Mr. Collins points bulge the often companys are ei ther to busy nerve-wracking to repeatedly craft the perfect vision statement or the organization has not spent any time aligning the organization with the set that have been determined.Truly visionary organizations are able to use philia values become efficient in counselling and operations to keep the company moving forward. Organizations that do not align goals with values spend more time evaluating past problems and too little time nidus on the future. Jim Collins is gear up in that one must first gear identify the internal dialogue to identify organizational misalignments. There is typically mistrust between senior leaders and employees in terms of who is doing the salutary things.Senior leaders need to listen to lower level managers and employees and confine into consideration the perspective of those that directly link to the customer. Senior leaders as well as need to determine what is said in the organizations undercurrent internal dialogue. What often drives empl oyees to perform is what is felt unconsciously, not what is stated in official forums. Companys that have alignment of goals with vision are able to determine the internal dialogue and keep the dialogue positive. Identifying the contrariety between incumbrance values and strategies is essential for organizational alignment.Mr. Collins points come out of the closet that core values should be timeless and never change. What should change are operational pr comeices and strategies. Many companies too often are constantly identifying vernal core values, and this makes focus difficult. By identifying permanent core value, employees are able to always rely on what the greater purpose of the company should set out in all daily operations. Without this concrete focus, employees become disgruntled and unable to focus on any one thing, increasing inefficiencies.Mr. Collins also posits that organizations cannot . . . nstall new core values into people. . . but that people are incline t o holding them. Therefore, the key is to find people that are already dispose to holding the companys point values. This concept is especially breathed for organizations that are attempting to align actions to values. People are inherently resistant to change and any change in an organizations core values will be difficult for all employees to embrace. Therefore, it is crucial that organizations identify core values at inception so that all employees will identify with the goals and vision when hired.Otherwise it is exceptionally difficult to implement change management strategies to get employees to buy in to new values. In all, Jim Collins is finished on his assessment of aligning action and values in organizations. Although this article was written 10 years ago, companies still struggle with these concepts today. Mr. Collins is correct that organizations need to have permanent core values, identify internal dialogues and act on inconsistencies, and hire people that are predis posed to a particular organizations core values, instead of attempting to gain buy in from current employees.