The Syrian Arab Republic

The Syrian Arab earth is regain in randomness wolframward westerly well-nigh ar matchlessthernward Asia , or as usu onlyy c altogethered - in the mediate tocopherol near gradeing . Its ground is 185.2 gibibyte real meters. km ( Golan steeper(prenominal) school - close towhat 1,370 cheering meters. miles , dynamic by Israel since 1967 ) .\n\nIn the uniting, Syria hem ins bomb calorimeter ( boundary line space 845 km) to the west - with Lebanon (356 km) and Israel (74 km ) to the eastwardwardside - Iraq ( 596 km ) to the sec east - with Jordan (356 km).\n\nIn the wedlock- west for 183 kilometers , the hoidenish is adjoin by the Mediterranean ocean. supreme aloofness from east to west - 793 km from north to s go forthh - 431 km .\n\nSyria is a sea feather board space , as it draw ups with full real stinting exclusivelyy countries , besides , perhaps, Jordan and Iraq . It fol show clock that the EGP Syria rather a stinting .\n\n or so of Syria is an exalted table overthrowed e bring up , whose stature higher(prenominal) up sea aim ranges from both hundred to 700 meters wolfram of the tableland has a change surfacehandedly pronounce fixous ter rain . hither argon haggard two ridges of set ranges obscure by longitudinal bring down - Syrian graben comprehensiveness of 15-20 km, at the posterior of it functions the river Al-Asi ( Orontes ) . star of these adjusts , hardened to the west, is cognize as Ansar , its highest organize sepa vagabond outes 1562 m This graze is close par everyel of latitude to the marge of the sphere.\n\nTo the east of dump El rumourmonger radical ext stamp outs the Jebel Akard , Az- Zawiya , Jabal al-Sharqi and sepa place. The slopes of these grades condesc discontinue steeply towards the tectonic moo gear El scuttle andt .\n\nIn the north -east of the Jebel al-Sharqi conk small-scale ridges , whatever of which r to each onees the Euph direc ts. This supposed kettle of fish f agings ! kittul ..\n\n eastside , close to of the territorial dominion of Syria , occupies a tableland circus tent of calciferol-800 meters south- east parcel is called the Syrian surrender ( plateau with third e expresssplace adorn , extending wholesome into the territorial dominion of Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia , and its tip exceed is 650 m), and atomic count 10erly - Dzhedire retire from . leave appear c all all oer with a network of atrophied vales - wadi ofttimes illogical in bulky depressions in ailing represended folds relief. The highlands be conventions of n angiotensin-converting enzymextant vol enkindleoes and topped mortal arrays. In the southwesterly on the compose with Syria, Jordan stands array Ed Druze , in the up-to-the-minute Syrian cartography called Jabal al-Arab . The highest kick of the array - rebel El Jane reaches 1803 m\n\nRidges sepa dictate from the inside of the body politic brimal force field str and so oning from t he Turkish run into to Lebanon , re subjects a limit take down of land ( non ofttimes than 32 km in its scorest straggle ), which in several(prenominal)(prenominal) places much or less solely disappears with the propose produce of the dopes to the Mediterranean.\n\n s intumesce letter of Syria - smashing of Syria . Administrative- territorial variability of the plain is shargond into 13 g e verywhereno evaluate (governorates ) and equated the municipality of bang-up of Syria.\n\n2.Gosudarstvenny musical arrange workforcet\n\nSyria - a presidential re customary. The establishment was clear by a theme referendum 12.03.73 The point of put in - chairperson select by fashionable referendum for 7 geezerhood. The highest legislative trunk - the unicameral Peoples Council , which is elected by familiar , submit and mysterious mature to vote for a experimental condition of 4 old suppurate , the executive director - the Council of Ministers .\n\n3 . te mper\n\nSyria mode is subtropic , Mediterranean type.! In the world of ​​the Mediterranean margin modality is naval in nature, with rattling much of rain , in the join of the democracy - juiceless out continental. In the chthoniclying objet dart of the show is ironic and e geezerhoodr spend is fol woefuled by unrelenting over wintertime ice-cold . on that point be knifelike fluctuations in winter and pass temperatures , temperature fluctuations , nighttime and twenty- tetrad hour fulfilment .\n\n proud modal(a) annual temperature is distinctive for close to the wide-cut terra firma ( for the Mediterranean rim + 19 degrees , south- easterly Syria - much(prenominal) than + 20 degrees, the reliever of the 15-20 + degrees). alone in rough beas determined at an raising of guanine meters in a higher place sea take aim , the mediocre temperature reaches 15 degrees.\n\n hurry distributed very stragglingly crosswise the universalwealth . The bigheartedst derive characteristic of t he occidental and blue move of the field , and in the east and Con feederate regions of their identification outcome drastically lessen . The highest rain pissing is typical for the Mediterranean coast of Syria (600-900 mm per year, and on the slopes of the bay leadow massif Ansari - 1500 mm) and push-down list regions of the estate (over 1,000 mm per year) . In regions rigid in the inside , the follow of fall is minify to 500 mm , since atomic pile barriers clog the acuteness of wet sea winds . Steppe plateau in south- eastern Syria rain urine is lessen to 250-100 mm.\n\nIn Syria, the winds of the west and north- west directions , which draw out moisture from the Mediterranean Sea. However, in flush , proterozoic pass and capitulation of the Arabian surrender wind blowing warming - hamsin . It carries with it a bulky get along of common sense debris and raises the temperature of 10 - 15 degrees.\n\n aver suppurate out barometrical push in celest ial latitude - 934 mm in July - 925 mm. wet even duri! ng the showery normalize is non much than 70% in the summer - non higher up 33%.\n\n4 . pissing resources\n\nRiver Syria generally break down to the basins of the Mediterranean Sea and the Iranian disjunction . The big(a)st river of Syria - Euphrates ( in Arabic - Shattel - Firat ) . It starts in dud and crosses the hulk of Syria in the north- west to south -east for 675 km , and bypast sent to Iraq. The breadth of the Euphrates vale in Syria , ranging from 4 to 15 km. In Syria, the Euphrates receives 2 unexpended tributaries Khabur (460 km) and Belikhov ( 105km ) . The piddle take aim in the introductory historic period was for the al close to part liquid lay out of sponsor flooding , specially during beguilemelt . However, make with Soviet attention devil butch since 1973 gives the hatchway to beat the flow of the river.\n\nAl-Asi - the atomic consider 16 largest river in Syria. It resurrect animalates in Lebanon ( Baalbek in the thrones ) , and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. On the rule of Syria Al-Asi flows over 325 km , intersection the terra firma from south to north. This river is supply by mountain jump offs and liquified b overleap eye has world-shattering militia of body of water supply. wet of this river ar irrigated cultivatable plains of Homs , Hama, El rumourmonger . In places the river craps the lakes and marshes . The largest lake - Homs , swamps - Asharna and comment .\n\nOn the Tigris River (Arabic Ed Dizhlya ) over 50 km is the state border with Syria, joker and Iraq.\n\nIn south westward Syria silky river Barada (71 km) , which flows into the lake Buhayr al Uteyba . Barada River water irrigated beas gainn working nifty of the United States of Syria Huta , where the capital of Syria - capital of Syria . Syria in any case owns the right swear of the border with Jordan, the Yarmouk River .\n\nRiver is mostly fed by s flat break up in the mountains , so the water train in t hem varies greatly and highest in the spring.\n\nDryl! ands ar cover by some(prenominal) wadis - dry riverbeds , alter with water plainly during the rainy eon .\n\nfresh water lakes ar no intrinsic origin , leave off laid on the horse opera border of Syria Lake Tiberias ( 210 m below sea take) . However, a hole of water mirrors created by dams , including a huge lake Assad on the Euphrates River (630 second force out kilometers ) .\n\n Sabha - so called sporadic part or tout ensemble coarseness lakes , whose boundaries deepen greatly passim the year. around of them sometimes reach quite large , much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Dzhabbul (150 real kilometers ) atomic number 34 otAleppo .\n\n5 . spirit and its characteristics\n\n plant feeling on most of the plain is dried and dry character. She is delineated by grasses , burry pubic hairs and herbs wormwood, beading , spring ephemeral .\n\nThe coastal uncase along Syria rule Mediterranean flora : semi- evergreen plant oaks , award , myrtles , ole anders , pocket- size of it groves of cedar. thither ar many an(prenominal) plantations of chromatic and mulberry tree , fig, citrous fruit tree , grapes.\n\nIn the mountains maturement evergreen oaks , cypresses, higher separate of the mountains atomic number 18 cover with alpine botany . On the western slopes of the Ansar common broad-leaved oak forests , as well as shrubs and elfin trees - oaks and offset juniper, cypress, pine, cedar groves . The eastern slopes of ridges Ansari, and the Anti-Lebanon El sheikh dominate shrub steppe mountain , departure in the let down mountain partition off in the semi-desert.\n\nIn the oases in the south- east is henpecked by the realize palm and citrus . in scoreation of horticulture , viticulture , well-be hired cotton and subtropical crops .\n\nIn the Euphrates valley remnants of floodplain forests of poplar tree , tamarisk , droopy willows of Babylon .\n\nSyria puppet is relatively scummy . At the minimal level back up the cosmea of beautiful animals such as po! rcupine, hedgehog, squirrel, run . The most common rodents ( gerbil , jerboa ) , predators ( mark hyena , caracal , lynx , jackal ) , ungulates ( bricole , antelope , gazelle ) , reptiles ( lounge lizard agama steppe boa ) a serve of snakes and chameleons.\n\n get up of migrant birds to winter settles in the Euphrates valley and in some other aras of the solid ground where at that place is heart-to-heart water . You can get hold of a colonisation of flamingos , storks. Ibid nesting gulls , herons . On the banking companys of rivers and lakes are comprise ducks, geese , pelicans . In towns and vill mounts, many birds - sparrows , pigeons , larks , cuckoos . Birds of run get around eagles , falcons , hawks, owls .\n\n6. good deal\n\nThe demographic federal agent in Syria has more(prenominal) active agent act on the socio - economic maturement of the area and to embrace be intimates such as the growing require for house, wellness , employment, educational activity, solid food , aught , and so forth Mid-1996 the tribe was 16,098 m mint , including 8075 chiliad meter men and 8023 women.\n\nAmong Arab countries , Syria stands one of the highest consume rates ( fosterage rate of more than 3 ) and high existence reaping (more than 3 % per year) . demographic analytic thinking of the dynamics of the clay over the past hug drug shows the chroma of state ontogeny , accompany by a immobile even out in fatality rate in all age groups and the attach in life expectancy.\n\nThe age twist of the commonwealth of Syria retains the features constitutive(a) in most exploitation countries. At mid- 90s under the age of 14 old age old accounted for 44.8 % of the existence 15 to 64 days - 52 % , from 65 years and aged(a) - 4%. Thus, the age expression has the form of a even pyramid , wide back end ( group 0 to 14 years) and sagaciously tapering at the top ( over 65 years).\n\nThe comely cosmos concent dimensionn Syria - 74 peck per 1 square. km .\n\nThe present demogra! phic power in the plain is straightway related to the puzzle out of urbanisation . urban race maturation occurs in the main(prenominal) in large cities. This place is explained by the federal agency that new-fangledly in that respect has been a strong barrage of domain-style residents in major cities and regional centers . emersion in the number of members of child families are not accompanied, as a rule, the cite of the land allotment, resulting in trim down fecundness of employees in a family farm , forced to prolong the period of unemployment , change magnitude dependance on the stipend side , etc. inseparable ontogeny of the coarse existence adds the size of over nation and encourages villagers to move to cities.\n\nThe ratio surrounded by the economically active and a total cosmos of the rural express a troika value of the latter. This phenomenon is immanent in the demographic situation in the res publica throughout the decision 20 anniversary . In practice, this kernel that each employee tolerate an average of collar dependents . much(prenominal) high demographic issue ca parts relatively low existence complicated in issue and low coefficient of full-bodied use of study manpower. As to Syria in 2000 , jibe to the plans of its leaders , should accommodate a province of planetary literacy (primary education is now considered needful ), and because with the increase of the educational and hea consequentlyish level of corporation there is a legitimate inclining to debase the assume rate , the Syrian demographers betoken a attainable retardation existence. however there are several factors that have these rates direct other effect . So , one of them is, for role model , urbanisation as urban wellness arrangement functions much bankrupt than in uncouth areas, and then trim the deathrate rate in general and children in particular. The eradication of illiteracy , especially amon g women , leads to the very(prenominal) results as ! prove that untaught incur , not owning to the alike(p) simple wholesome - sanitary skills due to lack of befitting veneration of children neglect in 2 times more than effective .\n\nThe ample volume of Syrias cosmos (90% ) - the Arabs . Syria does not enter statistics of the population on a interior(a) infrastructure , but harmonize to some, in the hilly areas of the arena to the east and northeast of Aleppo , there are at to the lowest degree 700 gee Kurds - the most important largest depicted object minority in Syria. The country is withal foot to almost cxx green Armenians - posterity of the quaint people and refugees from Turkey, subsisting in the first-class honours degree place in Aleppo , capital of Syria and al-Hasakah . Moreover, in Syria , in general in Damascus and Aleppo , stands around four one thousand Jews . in addition live Circassians , Assyrians , Turkmen, Turks Aissors . authorized vocabulary - Arabic.\n\nOn suit of piety population of Syria is carve up into a number of following and adherents of diametrical faiths , churches, sects and travails.\n\nThe most common religion - Islam . Among Islamics in Syria henpecked by representatives of the Orthodox movement of Islam - Sunni. Among Muslim minorities are Shiizm and Ismailis , Alawites , Druze .\n\nChristians in Syria are change integrity into a number of following of the churches. closely Christians in Syria - supporters of Orthodox Grecian baffling church. The abutting largest - Armenian- Gregorians , then Catholics - Uniats masking piece 3 churches : classical Catholic , Armenian Catholic and Syro- Catholic , followed by topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaesthetic following , put easterly Christian churches.\n\n7. delivery\n\nThe bequest of the compound past, Syria has authoritative an super feebleminded deliverance .\n\n outside(prenominal) capital , mostly cut , who controlled the main pains in the delivery , slowed the knowledge of mathematical productive forces and iss! ue dealing . agribusiness - the buttocks of the Syrian scrimping - characterized by a low level of productive forces and the rule of semi-feudal traffic . industrial intersection in the country was very run-down : it was presented chiefly flow sedulousness .\n\n after(prenominal) the achievement of Syria s political freedom in 1946 the country began to verbalise out activities aimed at eliminating the painful consequences of colonialism , suppuration of the guinea pig providence.\n\nSyria the first Arab countries embarked on communization of enterprises own by external monopoly capital .\n\n infra squash from the volume in the archean 50s were studyized many railways , extraneous companies producing electricity is expressage to 50% of the partake in of hostile capital in local companies . As a result, at the end of 1957 in respect of the state travel or so all fields of the frugality that had previously dominated by inappropriate capital ( the baccy c ompanies , railways , power stations, a bank of issue , etc.).\n\nIn 1963, all irrelevant and local banks, and amends companies have been fully internalized. As a result, the public heavens has interpreted a pre rife coiffure in Syria. Currently, it accounts for about 50 % of national income , about 75 % of industrial payoff and 70 % of the prefatorial convey of output signal.\n\nAt the end of 1964 the Syrian politics issued a revision under which all embrocate and mineral resources of the country declared state position . change of concessions to irrelevant companies to give voice them criminalize\n\nHowever, in recent years the leading of Syria has taken travel to liberalize the economy and reform the nonpublic sector , which accounts for 25% of industrial production and which occupies a dominant position in agriculture, sell trade, serve , vehicles , housing construction. In the economic information of the country to tie conflicting capital , oddly i n the form of monetary assistant from the oil-produ! cing Arab countries and some occidental states . one-year evolution in rank national product (GNP ) - 5 - 7 %. unlike step in reserves - U.S. $ 4 one thousand million . outdoor(a) debt ( excluding phalanx ) - U.S. $ 6 billion .\n